The financial advisor to the Prime Minister, Mazhar Muhammad Salih, confirmed that Iraq is seeking to establish a sovereign wealth fund.
Saleh told Al Furat News Agency: “Iraq seeks to establish a sovereign wealth fund, especially after the conflicts and wars that have been going on for less than half a century, and the previous regime’s major role in wasting the country’s resources and wealth, have transformed the surplus in the current account of the balance of payments into a net deficit due to the deterioration of the national economy’s export sectors, most notably the oil sector.”
Saleh pointed out that “the increase in foreign debts in the past decades was an alternative to establishing a sovereign fund for foreign wealth that relies on surplus oil revenues that can be invested in a diversified investment portfolio whose returns support the state’s general budget in general and the investment budget, according to the absorption capacity in particular, similar to countries such as Norway, China, the Gulf countries, and other countries of the world.”
Iraq has previous experience in establishing a sovereign wealth fund, through the establishment of the Iraqi Fund for External Development, which was established under Law No. 77 of 1974. However, after that, the work of this fund was limited to managing Iraq’s financial contributions to regional and international organizations and bodies. There was also an attempt to establish two sovereign funds for Iraq in 2018, but they remained without practical implementation.
Countries’ economies are divided into three categories based on their source of income:
1.economies with diverse sources of income,
2.economies with a single source of income (“single-basket economies”), and
3.the third category is between them.
Iraq falls within the second group, as Iraq is considered a rentier state, due to its almost complete dependence on revenues from the sale of crude oil, as oil revenues constitute more than “90 percent” of the total revenues of the general budget, and contribute about “45-60 percent” of the formation of the gross domestic product.
