Professional Ethics: Theoretical And Methodological Imperatives And Economic Transformation
Researcher in finance and development affairs and academic Aqeel Jabr Ali Al-Muhammadawi
It considers modern ideas about the concept, essence and structure of professional ethics, examines its main categories and problems, and determines its relationship to the general theory of ethics.
It is worth noting that there are common phrases on the subject of professional ethics: professional ethics, professional ethics, professionalism, moral values, and professional behavior.
Ethics emerged as a philosophical science in the middle of the first millennium BC. Because of the need to formalize ethical standards which was the result of the separation of theoretical spiritual activities from practical material activities.
One of the types of material and practical human activity was professional activity. Therefore, even in ancient times, professional ethics arose as an integral part of general ethical theory. Its emergence was due to the emergence of professional ethics and values.
The existence of a special professional ethics in society is a direct result of the historically established professional division and development of labor: professional specialists who know how to do what others cannot do are given certain responsibilities in relation to those who use their services, and this requires the development of special rules, charters and values, Able to support the moral position of professional groups in society, inspire confidence in them and provide moral preconditions for their development.
A good example of this topic is the famous Hippocratic Oath, the prototype of which was the Oath of the ancient Greek doctors Asclepiade.
In addition to the norms that regulate the relationship of the profession with society, the demands directed to each other within professional groups were also formed.
As an example, we can cite the laws that determined the life of workshops in the cities of Western Europe in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It included a number of rules that put community members on an equal footing in terms of purchasing and processing raw materials, training and developing the capabilities of trainees and trainers, distributing orders, etc.
As well as the fundamental economic content of regulation within shops and industrial economic units, which sought to prevent the accumulation of capital and the development of free competition, it also contained a moral aspect to some extent.
With the development and complexity of social relations, with the identification of an increasing number of individual specialties and professions, the need for professional ethics has grown as a special area of moral knowledge designed to regulate relations between people in any particular profession.
The need for specific ethical requirements and, hence, special professional ethics, is manifested primarily in social-humanitarian professions, in professions of the “person-to-person” type, the main content of which is education and satisfaction of the needs of the individual.
Professional and ethical norms are also being developed in those types of activities associated with the performance of socially important and necessary functions – in the organization of the civil service, in the service sector, commercial, industrial, agricultural, etc.
Professional ethics are also shaped in other professions; It also develops ethical relationships between professionals, society, managers, subordinates and other employees. These relationships are subject to professional ethics. With the development of modern administrative structure and work organization, increasing importance is given to the development of rules of administrative ethics and management ethics.
The emergence and development of such standards and corresponding motives of behavior and professional assessments is one of the directions of the moral development of humanity.
Despite the universal nature of ethical requirements and the existence of uniform business ethics, specific behavioral and value codes have been identified for an increasing number of types of professional activity.
Especially in the reality of economic and professional transformations in Iraq, and the importance of preparing, organizing and approving a guide to professional ethics and conduct procedures and its pioneering role in development and economic renaissance.
https://economy-news.net/content.php?id=44601
A Parliamentary Committee Recommends That The Ministries Of Finance And Planning Issue Instructions For Implementing The 2024 Budget Schedules
Money and business Economy News _ Baghdad Today, Tuesday, the Parliamentary Finance Committee recommended the Ministries of Finance and Planning to release instructions for implementing the 2024 budget schedules, while indicating that all appeals are normal and did not rise to the rejection of some paragraphs.
Committee member Nazem Al-Shibli said in an interview with the Iraqi News Agency, followed by Al-Iqtisad News, that “the budget is considered effective after its publication in Al-Waqa’i newspaper, but it needs instructions issued by the Ministries of Finance and Planning in order for it to be clearly implemented in the ministries, agencies, and governorates,” explaining that “the budget does not There are no complaints and appeals every year, but the court is the one that decides the validity of implementation or legislation.”
He added that “the court will hear all appeals,” pointing out that “the budget is subject to appeal in the event of any party objecting to a part of it,” noting that “all appeals are normal and do not rise to the rejection of some paragraphs.”
It is noteworthy that the House of Representatives voted earlier on the amended schedules of the Federal Budget Law No. (13) for the year 2024 and its annexed schedules (A/B/C/D/E/F).06/25/2024 – https://economy-news.net/content.php?id=44597
A Slight Increase In Global Oil Prices
Tuesday 25, June 2024 | Economical Number of readings: 289 Baghdad / NINA / Oil prices recorded a slight increase. Brent crude futures for August delivery rose seven cents, or 0.08%, to $86.06 per barrel by 00:15 GMT, before the contract expires later this week. The most actively traded September contract rose 8 cents, or 0.09%, to $85.23.
US crude futures rose 11 cents, or 0.13%, to $81.74 a barrel, and both benchmarks rose about 3% last week, achieving gains for two consecutive weeks.
US crude oil inventories are expected to decline by three million barrels in the week ending June 21. Gasoline stocks are also expected to decline, while distillate stocks are likely to rise. According to Reuters. https://ninanews.com/Website/News/Details?key=1133975
Decrease In Dollar Exchange Rates In Local Markets In Baghdad
Economy | 06/25/2024 Baghdad – Mawazine News Dollar prices fell in Baghdad markets, today, Tuesday, with the closure of the two main stock exchanges in the country.
Dollar prices fell with the closure of the Al-Kifah and Al-Harithiya stock exchanges, recording 147,750 dinars against 100 dollars, while this morning it recorded 147,900 dinars against 100 dollars.
Selling prices in the field of banking in the local markets in Baghdad were stable, as the selling price reached 148,750 Iraqi dinars for 100 dollars, while the purchase price reached 146,750 dinars for 100 dollars. https://www.mawazin.net/Details.aspx?jimare=250231
Provoking Thoughts and Points To Ponder On Character:
A person’s reputation is a mixture of what his friends, enemies, and relatives say behind his back. – Anonymous
Always do right. This will gratify some people, and astonish the rest. – Mark Twain
He’s an honest man – you could shoot craps with him over the telephone. – Earl Wilson
The man whose conscience never troubles him must have it pretty well trained. – Anonymous
Conscience is a treacherous thing, and mine behaves badly whenever there is a serious danger of being found out. – Margaret Lane
Too often when conscience tries to speak, the line seems to be busy. – Anonymous
He liked to like people, therefore people liked him. – Mark Twain
Generous people are rarely mentally ill people. – Karl Menninger
When wealth is lost, nothing is lost; When health is lost, something is lost; When character is lost, all is lost! – Anonymous
The great hope of society is individual character. – William Ellery Channing
You must look into people as well as at them. – Lord Chesterfield
Human improvement is from within outward. – James Froude
Talent is nurtured in solitude; character is formed in the stormy billows of the world. – Goethe
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